Jacob graves



'J. 8v H. GRAVES.

INGUBATOR.

No. 110,454. Patented Deo. 27, 1870'.

THE Nonms Fermes col, wAsHmmaN, n. c

fnTnNr QFFICE.

IMPROVEMENT EN lNCUBATORS.

Speclilcuti'onforming part of Letters Patent No. 110,454, datedvDecember- 27, 18;.70.

We, JACOB GRAVES, of Reading, Massachu? setts, and HENRY GRAVES, ot'Boston, in the county of Suli'clk and State of lilassacliusetts, haveinvented certain Improvements in Inculisters, of which theollowing isa'spcciiiczi-l ion:- 1 'Figure l is a perspective View of a portion ofan incnbatorcas'e, showing theventilating and heat-regulating devices.Fig. 2 is a transverse vertical section of Fig. 1.V Figs. 3 and 4 nreviewsA in detail of the heat-regulatin g 'device, and Fig'. 5 is asectional view of anartiiicial mother or protector. l

The 'object of this inventionis to maintain u certain definite degree oftemperature in incnbators heated by water; `and it consists, mainly, ofltwo horizontalglass tubes, closed at one end, containing alcohol, andlocated under thehotwate tank, each tulle commu-A nicating with a-`vertical cylinder filled with mercury, one at each end of theincubator, in which cylinders are corkl pistons or floats hav- I in grods attached' to pivoted levers, which are scfconnected with regulatorson the heating.

lamps and Ventilating-valves communicating with the incubating-'chamberthat the rising of t said iloats or pistons beyond Aa. certain point bythe expansion of the alcohol will act to' check; the dames of' thelainps and open the ventilatingvalves, thus decreasing the' temperatureof the air and water, while the depression ofsaid oats, in consequenceof the contraction of the alcohol, willproduce an opposte effect andheighten the temperature, the

parts being so arranged as not ,to be aiected by the medium temperatureat which the incubator is to be kept. but only by higheror lowerdegrees.

' In the drawing, A represents the incubator,

which is divided in to. several compartments,

as shown in Figa-2, viz., the cold-water tank B, incubating-space 0,hot-water tank D, protecting or heat-retaining space E,and dryinglctlThe arrangement of these parts coiistitutes no portion of our invention;they are given to illustrate the nature and operation oftheimproveinent, The ends of the incubator ure provided with .lampsG-,whioh heat the water inlreservoirs H. 'lhese latter communicate,through. tubes'I 1, with the hot-water .tank l). J is a reservoir, whichsupplies oil 'to thelamps. K K represent glass tubes un der tank D, fandin contact with the bottoni thereof. Said tube-s arelilled withalcohol-or other expausile tluid, and communicate attlieir outer ends,through the bent tubes L, with the -cylinders M, which contain mercury.N represents a piston-rod, attached toa cork piston or dont', N', iu theLcylinder M. The' upper' endE of rod N is attached to au arm or' lever,0, which is pivoted at one end and swings-freely at t-lie othei.` Prepresents' a valve, :which communicates with the in c'ubating-space G,-

'and is connected, by wires R, with the free end' cflev'er O.' ,Sa-id'wires are not rigidly connected -with valve P, but have a' sliding atfltachnient. S represents the lamp-burner, which is provided with the tubeS', which is beveled oil' at one side, as shown. T is a guard orregulater, which is journaledpou shaft@ beside the e spiral spring "V,to thedevice is arranged to remain inoperative; but V whenv thewater intank D becomes'heated above this point the` epausion'of the alcoholint-ribes K causes the cork oat or pistoni-N to elevate the rod N andlever 0, which latter,

being connected to valve P'by wire R, and to regulator T by spring Y,opens valve VI and causes regulator@ to'close over the beeled iside oftube S', thereby lowering the llame in promt-ion to the nearness itapproaches the tube-1 When tlievalve Pis opened ,cold air rushes upthrough tube W and out 'through said valve,v thusfccolng the space C,while, the dame of thelamps being diminished, the teniperature oftheWater in tank D will fagl until` themedium of 102 is reached, when tl1e'nlco hol in tubes Kwill contract far enough to lo r;

the lever valve P, and regulator T to' their former positions.

It is to be borne in mind that `the opposite end of the inachine has asimilar'errangement to that shown in Fig. 1, with which one of the-tubes K connects, the whole opera-ting in con-` s. The wires n are .totrigidly cached to" valve .P, ns above' mentioned, but slidethrou gli,

2 menen n staple or orifice in the came, to the cnn 'ahnt the lever Omay have free play when' the valve is'closed or opened to its utmostextent. A sixiiilar result is obizaiiied. by the nee of the spring V,which permite the. lever to rice after the regulator has closed over thetube to its ntinostextcnt. The regulator and tube ere eo m-ranged,however, that the Jdame cannon` be entirely extinguished by theoperation def scribed, while the ame icgraduated from e full blaze to every faint one. v

Fig. 5 shows en artificial mof :her. or pro- 4hector for the chickensafter hatching. l It con-v sists of an inclined tank, a., lled with warmwater, and provided on its under ,side with a lining of sheepskin orother soil: materiell,I b, and having'an open space, c, covered with n'glaesroo d. This device ie wax-meti and :its

temperature regulered by the abovefdvescribed apparatus for regulatingthe temperature of the incubator.

It iis well known that the greet diiculty in artificial hatching. isthab'of maintaining e regular temperature,.particularly in so varia blen clixnate' nas in the Northern States. The

di'erences of tempera-ture. between clay and' 'night here to becarefully provided for, and

constant; reference must be had to'thermonietere. Thiediculty hasheretofore beenV a great obstacle in the way zof the artificial hatchingof chickens. 1

' By our invention, however, we obtain a conotnnb and even. temperatureat all times, pro- 'as set forth.

video, or' course, that the lamps' erecep'eble of producing :sufficienthenti'or elbexigenciee. 'Ha-ving: than fully describecllonn invention,what We claimen new, :incl` desire to. secure by Lettere me-nt, isil.The burner S'p'rovidecl with .the beveledi unbe S and regulator IT, asand for the purpese sel', forth. i

2.. En combi'aetionwith the burner S, oon.-

slzrncize. es fleefribcd, the cylinder M., cori: y

rioni", N", tube' K, rod '.iil', lever epring V, and .crank U, arranged.nml opere-.ted substantially ne described.

'3. 1n combination wthbnrner S, cylinder M, cork float or piston N',tube K, rod. N, lever O, sprinV, end crank U,ti1 e valve P- and wires R,enbetanigially ne set fortl1.

4; In combina-tion with burner S, cylinder M, cork float or piston N',inbox, rod N,lever 0, spring V, crank U, and valve 2P, the coldair tubeW, substantially as sei; forth..

5. The combination ci' the artificiel mother,

shown in Fig. 5, with burner .53, cylinder M,

cork iioat or piston N', -tnhc K rod N, lever 0, epringvV, crank U, andvalve l, substantially In testimony whereof We have signed our names tothis specifica-tionin the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

JACOB GRAVES.

Witneneee: l HENRY GRAVES.

' CARROLL D. WRIGHT,

Gamer-,ns F.. BROWN-

